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  • 1.
    Aalto, Juha
    Helsingfors universitet, matematisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för geovetenskaper och geografi.
    New perspectives on climate: Earth surface processes and thermal hydrological conditions in high latitude systems2015Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Climate, Earth surface processes and soil thermal hydrological conditions drive landscape development, ecosystem functioning and human activities in high latitude regions. These systems are at the focal point of concurrent global change studies as the ongoing shifts in climate regimes has already changed the dynamics of fragile and highly specialized environments across pan Arctic. This thesis aimed to 1) analyze and model extreme air temperatures, soil thermal and hydrological conditions, and the main Earth surface processes (ESP) (cryoturbation, solifluction, nivation and palsa mires) controlling the functioning of high latitude systems in current and future climate conditions; 2) identify the key environmental factors driving the spatial variation of the studied phenomena; and 3) develop methodology for producing novel high quality datasets. To accomplish these objectives, spatial analyses were conducted throughout geographical scales by utilizing multiple statistical modelling approaches, such as regression, machine learning techniques and ensemble forecasting. This thesis was based on unique datasets from the northern Fennoscandia; climate station records from Finland, Sweden and Norway, state of the art climate model simulations, fine scale field measurements collected in arctic alpine tundra and remotely sensed geospatial data. In paper I, accurate extreme air temperature maps were produced, which were notably improved after incorporating the influence of local factors such as topography and water bodies into the spatial models. In paper II, the results showed extreme variation in soil temperature and moisture over very short distances, while revealing the factors controlling the heterogeneity of ground thermal and hydrological conditions. Finally, the modelling outputs in papers III and IV provided new insights into the determination of geomorphic activity patterns across arctic alpine landscapes, while stressing the need for accurate climate data for predictive geomorphological distribution mapping. Importantly, Earth surface processes were found to be extremely climatic sensitivity, and drastic changes in geomorphic systems towards the end of 21st century can be expected. The increase of current temperature conditions by 2 ˚C was projected to cause a near complete loss of active ESPs in the high latitude study area. This thesis demonstrated the applicability of spatial modelling techniques as a useful framework in multiple key challenges of contemporary physical geography. Moreover, with the utilized model ensemble approach, the modelling uncertainty can be reduced while presenting the local trends in response variables more robustly. In future Earth system studies, it is essential to further assess the dynamics of arctic alpine landscapes under changing climatic conditions and identify potential tipping points of these sensitive systems.

  • 2. Aalto, Juha
    et al.
    le Roux, Peter C.
    Luoto, Miska
    The meso-scale drivers of temperature extremes in high-latitude Fennoscandia2014Inngår i: Climate Dynamics, ISSN 0930-7575, E-ISSN 1432-0894, Vol. 42, nr 1, s. 237-252Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Extreme temperatures are key drivers controlling both biotic and abiotic processes, and may be strongly modified by topography and land cover. We modelled mean and extreme temperatures in northern Fennoscandia by combining digital elevation and land cover data with climate observations from northern Finland, Norway and Sweden. Multivariate partitioning technique was utilized to investigate the relative importance of environmental variables for the variation of the three temperature parameters: mean annual absolute minima and maxima, and mean annual temperature. Generalized additive modeling showed good performance, explaining 84–95 % of the temperature variation. The inclusion of remotely sensed variables improved significantly the modelling of thermal extremes in this system. The water cover variables and topography were the most important drivers of minimum temperatures, whereas elevation was the most important factor controlling maximum temperatures. The spatial variability of mean temperatures was clearly driven by geographical location and the effects of topography. Partitioning technique gave novel insights into temperature-environment relationship at the meso-scale and thus proved to be useful tool for the study of the extreme temperatures in the high-latitude setting.

  • 3. Aartsen, M. G.
    et al.
    Abraham, K.
    Ackermann, M.
    Adams, J.
    Aguilar, J. A.
    Ahlers, M.
    Ahrens, M.
    Altmann, D.
    Andeen, K.
    Anderson, T.
    Ansseau, I.
    Anton, G.
    Archinger, M.
    Argueelles, C.
    Arlen, T. C.
    Auffenberg, J.
    Axani, S.
    Bai, X.
    Barwick, S. W.
    Baum, V.
    Bay, R.
    Beatty, J. J.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Becker, K. -H
    BenZvi, S.
    Berghaus, P.
    Berley, D.
    Bernardini, E.
    Bernhard, A.
    Besson, D. Z.
    Binder, G.
    Bindig, D.
    Blaufuss, E.
    Blot, S.
    Boersma, D. J.
    Bohm, C.
    Boerner, M.
    Bos, F.
    Bose, D.
    Boeser, S.
    Botner, O.
    Braun, J.
    Brayeur, L.
    Bretz, H. -P
    Burgman, A.
    Casey, J.
    Casier, M.
    Cheung, E.
    Chirkin, D.
    Christov, A.
    Clark, K.
    Classen, L.
    Coenders, S.
    Collin, G. H.
    Conrad, J. M.
    Cowen, D. F.
    Silva, A. H. Cruz
    Daughhetee, J.
    Davis, J. C.
    Day, M.
    de Andre, J. P. A. M.
    De Clercq, C.
    Rosendo, E. del Pino
    Dembinski, H.
    De Ridder, S.
    Desiati, P.
    de Vries, K. D.
    de Wasseige, G.
    de With, M.
    DeYoung, T.
    Diaz-Velez, J. C.
    di Lorenzo, V.
    Dujmovic, H.
    Dumm, J. P.
    Dunkman, M.
    Eberhardt, B.
    Ehrhardt, T.
    Eichmann, B.
    Euler, S.
    Evenson, P. A.
    Fahey, S.
    Fazely, A. R.
    Feintzeig, J.
    Felde, J.
    Filimonov, K.
    Finley, C.
    Flis, S.
    Foesig, C. -C
    Fuchs, T.
    Gaisser, T. K.
    Gaior, R.
    Gallagher, J.
    Gerhardt, L.
    Ghorbani, K.
    Giang, W.
    Gladstone, L.
    Gluesenkamp, T.
    Goldschmidt, A.
    Golup, G.
    Gonzalez, J. G.
    Gora, D.
    Grant, D.
    Griffith, Z.
    Ismail, A. Haj
    Hallgren, A.
    Halzen, F.
    Hansen, E.
    Hanson, K.
    Hebecker, D.
    Heereman, D.
    Helbing, K.
    Hellauer, R.
    Hickford, S.
    Hignight, J.
    Hill, G. C.
    Hoffman, K. D.
    Hoffmann, R.
    Holzapfel, K.
    Homeier, A.
    Hoshina, K.
    Huang, F.
    Huber, M.
    Huelsnitz, W.
    Hultqvist, K.
    In, S.
    Ishihara, A.
    Jacobi, E.
    Japaridze, G. S.
    Jeong, M.
    Jero, K.
    Jones, B. J. P.
    Jurkovic, M.
    Kappes, A.
    Karg, T.
    Karle, A.
    Katz, U.
    Kauer, M.
    Keivani, A.
    Kelley, J. L.
    Kheirandish, A.
    Kim, M.
    Kintscher, T.
    Kiryluk, J.
    Kittler, T.
    Klein, S. R.
    Kohnen, G.
    Koirala, R.
    Kolanoski, H.
    Koepke, L.
    Kopper, C.
    Kopper, S.
    Koskinen, D. J.
    Kowalski, M.
    Krings, K.
    Kroll, M.
    Krueckl, G.
    Krueger, C.
    Kunnen, J.
    Kunwar, S.
    Kurahashi, N.
    Kuwabara, T.
    Labare, M.
    Lanfranchi, J. L.
    Larson, M. J.
    Lennarz, D.
    Lesiak-Bzdak, M.
    Leuermann, M.
    Lu, L.
    Luenemann, J.
    Madsen, J.
    Maggi, G.
    Mahn, K. B. M.
    Mancina, S.
    Mandelartz, M.
    Maruyama, R.
    Mase, K.
    Maunu, R.
    McNally, F.
    Meagher, K.
    Medici, M.
    Meier, M.
    Meli, A.
    Menne, T.
    Merino, G.
    Meures, T.
    Miarecki, S.
    Middell, E.
    Mohrmann, L.
    Montaruli, T.
    Moulai, M.
    Nahnhauer, R.
    Naumann, U.
    Neer, G.
    Niederhausen, H.
    Nowicki, S. C.
    Nygren, D. R.
    Pollmann, A. Obertacke
    Olivas, A.
    Omairat, A.
    O’Murchadha, A.
    Palczewski, T.
    Pandya, H.
    Pankova, D. V.
    Pepper, J. A.
    de los Heros, C. Perez
    Pfendner, C.
    Pieloth, D.
    Pinat, E.
    Posselt, J.
    Price, P. B.
    Przybylski, G. T.
    Quinnan, M.
    Raab, C.
    Rameez, M.
    Rawlins, K.
    Relich, M.
    Resconi, E.
    Rhode, W.
    Richman, M.
    Riedel, B.
    Robertson, S.
    Rott, C.
    Ruhe, T.
    Ryckbosch, D.
    Rysewyk, D.
    Sabbatini, L.
    Salvado, J.
    Herrera, S. E. Sanchez
    Sandrock, A.
    Sandroos, J.
    Sarkar, S.
    Satalecka, K.
    Schlunder, P.
    Schmidt, T.
    Schoeneberg, S.
    Schoenwald, A.
    Seckel, D.
    Seunarine, S.
    Soldin, D.
    Song, M.
    Spiczak, G. M.
    Spiering, C.
    Stamatikos, M.
    Stanev, T.
    Stasik, A.
    Steuer, A.
    Stezelberger, T.
    Stokstad, R. G.
    Stoessl, A.
    Stroem, R.
    Strotjohann, N. L.
    Sullivan, G. W.
    Sutherland, M.
    Taavola, H.
    Taboada, I.
    Tatar, J.
    Ter-Antonyan, S.
    Terliuk, A.
    Tesic, G.
    Tilav, S.
    Toale, P. A.
    Tobin, M. N.
    Toscano, S.
    Tosi, D.
    Tselengidou, M.
    Turcati, A.
    Unger, E.
    Usner, M.
    Vallecorsa, S.
    Vandenbroucke, J.
    van Eijndhoven, N.
    Vanheule, S.
    van Rossem, M.
    van Santen, J.
    Veenkamp, J.
    Voge, M.
    Vraeghe, M.
    Walck, C.
    Wallace, A.
    Wandkowsky, N.
    Weaver, Ch.
    Wendt, C.
    Westerhoff, S.
    Whelan, B. J.
    Wiebe, K.
    Wille, L.
    Williams, D. R.
    Wills, L.
    Wissing, H.
    Wolf, M.
    Wood, T. R.
    Woolsey, E.
    Woschnagg, K.
    Xu, D. L.
    Xu, X. W.
    Xu, Y.
    Yanez, J. P.
    Yodh, G.
    Yoshida, S.
    Zoll, M.
    Collaboration, IceCube
    Searches for Sterile Neutrinos with the IceCube Detector2016Inngår i: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 117, nr 7Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The IceCube neutrino telescope at the South Pole has measured the atmospheric muon neutrino spectrum as a function of zenith angle and energy in the approximate 320 GeV to 20 TeV range, to search for the oscillation signatures of light sterile neutrinos. No evidence for anomalous nu(mu) or (nu) over bar (mu) disappearance is observed in either of two independently developed analyses, each using one year of atmospheric neutrino data. New exclusion limits are placed on the parameter space of the 3 + 1 model, in which muon antineutrinos experience a strong Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein-resonant oscillation. The exclusion limits extend to sin(2)2 theta(24) <= 0.02 at Delta m(2) similar to 0.3 eV(2) at the 90% confidence level. The allowed region from global analysis of appearance experiments, including LSND and MiniBooNE, is excluded at approximately the 99% confidence level for the global best-fit value of vertical bar U-e4 vertical bar(2).

  • 4. Aartsen, M. G.
    et al.
    Abraham, K.
    Ackermann, M.
    Adams, J.
    Aguilar, J. A.
    Ahlers, M.
    Ahrens, M.
    Altmann, D.
    Andeen, K.
    Anderson, T.
    Ansseau, I.
    Anton, G.
    Archinger, M.
    Arguelles, C.
    Arlen, T. C.
    Auffenberg, J.
    Axani, S.
    Bai, X.
    Barwick, S. W.
    Baum, V.
    Bay, R.
    Beatty, J. J.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Becker, K. -H
    BenZvi, S.
    Berghaus, P.
    Berley, D.
    Bernardini, E.
    Bernhard, A.
    Besson, D. Z.
    Binder, G.
    Bindig, D.
    Bissok, M.
    Blaufuss, E.
    Blot, S.
    Boersma, D. J.
    Bohm, C.
    Boerner, M.
    Bos, F.
    Bose, D.
    Boeser, S.
    Botner, O.
    Braun, J.
    Brayeur, L.
    Bretz, H. -P
    Burgman, A.
    Casey, J.
    Casier, M.
    Cheung, E.
    Chirkin, D.
    Christov, A.
    Clark, K.
    Classen, L.
    Coenders, S.
    Collin, G. H.
    Conrad, J. M.
    Cowen, D. F.
    Silva, A. H. Cruz
    Daughhetee, J.
    Davis, J. C.
    Day, M.
    de Andre, J. P. A. M.
    De Clercq, C.
    Rosendo, E. del Pino
    Dembinski, H.
    De Ridder, S.
    Desiati, P.
    de Vries, K. D.
    de Wasseige, G.
    de With, M.
    DeYoung, T.
    Diaz-Velez, J. C.
    di Lorenzo, V.
    Dujmovic, H.
    Dumm, J. P.
    Dunkman, M.
    Eberhardt, B.
    Ehrhardt, T.
    Eichmann, B.
    Euler, S.
    Evenson, P. A.
    Fahey, S.
    Fazely, A. R.
    Feintzeig, J.
    Felde, J.
    Filimonov, K.
    Finley, C.
    Flis, S.
    Foesig, C. -C
    Franckowiak, A.
    Fuchs, T.
    Gaisser, T. K.
    Gaior, R.
    Gallagher, J.
    Gerhardt, L.
    Ghorbani, K.
    Giang, W.
    Gladstone, L.
    Glagla, M.
    Gluesenkamp, T.
    Goldschmidt, A.
    Golup, G.
    Gonzalez, J. G.
    Gora, D.
    Grant, D.
    Griffith, Z.
    Haack, C.
    Ismail, A. Haj
    Hallgren, A.
    Halzen, F.
    Hansen, E.
    Hansmann, B.
    Hansmann, T.
    Hanson, K.
    Hebecker, D.
    Heereman, D.
    Helbing, K.
    Hellauer, R.
    Hickford, S.
    Hignight, J.
    Hill, G. C.
    Hoffman, K. D.
    Hoffmann, R.
    Holzapfel, K.
    Homeier, A.
    Hoshina, K.
    Huang, F.
    Huber, M.
    Huelsnitz, W.
    Hultqvist, K.
    In, S.
    Ishihara, A.
    Jacobi, E.
    Japaridze, G. S.
    Jeong, M.
    Jero, K.
    Jones, B. J. P.
    Jurkovic, M.
    Kappes, A.
    Karg, T.
    Karle, A.
    Katz, U.
    Kauer, M.
    Keivani, A.
    Kelley, J. L.
    Kemp, J.
    Kheirandish, A.
    Kim, M.
    Kintscher, T.
    Kiryluk, J.
    Kittler, T.
    Klein, S. R.
    Kohnen, G.
    Koirala, R.
    Kolanoski, H.
    Konietz, R.
    Koepke, L.
    Kopper, C.
    Kopper, S.
    Koskinen, D. J.
    Kowalski, M.
    Krings, K.
    Kroll, M.
    Krueckl, G.
    Krueger, C.
    Kunnen, J.
    Kunwar, S.
    Kurahashi, N.
    Kuwabara, T.
    Labare, M.
    Lanfranchi, J. L.
    Larson, M. J.
    Lennarz, D.
    Lesiak-Bzdak, M.
    Leuermann, M.
    Leuner, J.
    Lu, L.
    Lunemann, J.
    Madsen, J.
    Maggi, G.
    Mahn, K. B. M.
    Mancina, S.
    Mandelartz, M.
    Maruyama, R.
    Mase, K.
    Maunu, R.
    McNally, F.
    Meagher, K.
    Medici, M.
    Meier, M.
    Meli, A.
    Menne, T.
    Merino, G.
    Meures, T.
    Miarecki, S.
    Middell, E.
    Mohrmann, L.
    Montaruli, T.
    Moulai, M.
    Nahnhauer, R.
    Naumann, U.
    Neer, G.
    Niederhausen, H.
    Nowicki, S. C.
    Nygren, D. R.
    Pollmann, A. Obertacke
    Olivas, A.
    Omairat, A.
    O’Murchadha, A.
    Palczewski, T.
    Pandya, H.
    Pankova, D. V.
    Penek, O.
    Pepper, J. A.
    de los Heros, C. Perez
    Pfendner, C.
    Pieloth, D.
    Pinat, E.
    Posselt, J.
    Price, P. B.
    Przybylski, G. T.
    Quinnan, M.
    Raab, C.
    Raedel, L.
    Rameez, M.
    Rawlins, K.
    Reimann, R.
    Relich, M.
    Resconi, E.
    Rhode, W.
    Richman, M.
    Riedel, B.
    Robertson, S.
    Rongen, M.
    Rott, C.
    Ruhe, T.
    Ryckbosch, D.
    Rysewyk, D.
    Sabbatini, L.
    Herrera, S. E. Sanchez
    Sandrock, A.
    Sandroos, J.
    Sarkar, S.
    Satalecka, K.
    Schimp, M.
    Schlunder, P.
    Schmidt, T.
    Schoenen, S.
    Schoeneberg, S.
    Schoenwald, A.
    Schumacher, L.
    Seckel, D.
    Seunarine, S.
    Soldin, D.
    Song, M.
    Spiczak, G. M.
    Spiering, C.
    Stahlberg, M.
    Stamatikos, M.
    Stanev, T.
    Stasik, A.
    Steuer, A.
    Stezelberger, T.
    Stokstad, R. G.
    Stoessl, A.
    Strom, R.
    Strotjohann, N. L.
    Sullivan, G. W.
    Sutherland, M.
    Taavola, H.
    Taboada, I.
    Tatar, J.
    Tenholt, F.
    Ter-Antonyan, S.
    Terliuk, A.
    Tesic, G.
    Tilav, S.
    Toale, P. A.
    Tobin, M. N.
    Toscano, S.
    Tosi, D.
    Tselengidou, M.
    Turcati, A.
    Unger, E.
    Usner, M.
    Vallecorsa, S.
    Vandenbroucke, J.
    van Eijndhoven, N.
    Vanheule, S.
    van Rossem, M.
    van Santen, J.
    Veenkamp, J.
    Vehring, M.
    Voge, M.
    Vraeghe, M.
    Walck, C.
    Wallace, A.
    Wallraff, M.
    Wandkowsky, N.
    Weaver, Ch.
    Wendt, C.
    Westerhoff, S.
    Whelan, B. J.
    Wickmann, S.
    Wiebe, K.
    Wiebusch, C. H.
    Wille, L.
    Williams, D. R.
    Wills, L.
    Wissing, H.
    Wolf, M.
    Wood, T. R.
    Woolsey, E.
    Woschnagg, K.
    Xu, D. L.
    Xu, X. W.
    Xu, Y.
    Yanez, J. P.
    Yodh, G.
    Yoshida, S.
    Zoll, M.
    All-flavour search for neutrinos from dark matter annihilations in the Milky Way with IceCube/DeepCore2016Inngår i: European Physical Journal C, ISSN 1434-6044, E-ISSN 1434-6052, Vol. 76, nr 10Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We present the first IceCube search for a signal of dark matter annihilations in the Milky Way using all-flavour neutrino-induced particle cascades. The analysis focuses on the DeepCore sub-detector of IceCube, and uses the surrounding IceCube strings as a veto region in order to select starting events in the DeepCore volume. We use 329 live-days of data from IceCube operating in its 86-string configuration during 2011-2012. No neutrino excess is found, the final result being compatible with the background-only hypothesis. From this null result, we derive upper limits on the velocity-averaged self-annihilation cross-section, , for dark matter candidate masses ranging from 30 GeV up to 10 TeV, assuming both a cuspy and a flat-cored dark matter halo profile. For dark matter masses between 200 GeV and 10 TeV, the results improve on all previous IceCube results on , reaching a level of 10 cm s, depending on the annihilation channel assumed, for a cusped NFW profile. The analysis demonstrates that all-flavour searches are competitive with muon channel searches despite the intrinsically worse angular resolution of cascades compared to muon tracks in IceCube.

  • 5. Aartsen, M. G.
    et al.
    Abraham, K.
    Ackermann, M.
    Adams, J.
    Aguilar, J. A.
    Ahlers, M.
    Ahrens, M.
    Altmann, D.
    Andeen, K.
    Anderson, T.
    Ansseau, I.
    Anton, G.
    Archinger, M.
    Arguelles, C.
    Auffenberg, J.
    Axani, S.
    Bai, X.
    Barwick, S. W.
    Baum, V.
    Bay, R.
    Beatty, J. J.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Becker, K. -H
    BenZvi, S.
    Berghaus, P.
    Berley, D.
    Bernardini, E.
    Bernhard, A.
    Besson, D. Z.
    Binder, G.
    Bindig, D.
    Bissok, M.
    Blaufuss, E.
    Blot, S.
    Bohm, C.
    Boerner, M.
    Bos, F.
    Bose, D.
    Boeser, S.
    Botner, O.
    Braun, J.
    Brayeur, L.
    Bretz, H. -P
    Burgman, A.
    Carver, T.
    Casier, M.
    Cheung, E.
    Chirkin, D.
    Christov, A.
    Clark, K.
    Classen, L.
    Coenders, S.
    Collin, G. H.
    Conrad, J. M.
    Cowen, D. F.
    Cross, R.
    Day, M.
    de Andre, J. P. A. M.
    De Clercy, C.
    Rosendo, E. del Pino
    Dembinski, H.
    De Ridder, S.
    Desiati, P.
    de Vries, K. D.
    de Wasseige, G.
    de With, M.
    DeYoung, T.
    Diaz-Velez, J. C.
    di Lorenzo, V.
    Dujmovic, H.
    Dumm, J. P.
    Dunkman, M.
    Eberhardt, B.
    Ehrhardt, T.
    Eichmann, B.
    Eller, P.
    Euler, S.
    Evenson, P. A.
    Fahey, S.
    Fazely, A. R.
    Feintzeig, J.
    Felde, J.
    Filimonov, K.
    Finley, C.
    Flis, S.
    Foesig, C. -C
    Franckowiak, A.
    Friedman, E.
    Fuchs, T.
    Gaisser, T. K.
    Gallagher, J.
    Gerhardt, L.
    Ghorbani, K.
    Giang, W.
    Gladstone, L.
    Glagla, M.
    Gluesenkamp, T.
    Goldschmidt, A.
    Golup, G.
    Gonzalez, J. G.
    Grant, D.
    Griffith, Z.
    Haack, C.
    Ismail, A. Haj
    Hallgren, A.
    Halzen, F.
    Hansen, E.
    Hansmann, B.
    Hansmann, T.
    Hanson, K.
    Hebecker, D.
    Heereman, D.
    Helbing, K.
    Hellauer, R.
    Hickford, S.
    Hignight, J.
    Hill, G. C.
    Hoffman, K. D.
    Hoffmann, R.
    Holzapfel, K.
    Hoshina, K.
    Huang, F.
    Huber, M.
    Hultqvist, K.
    In, S.
    Ishihara, A.
    Jacobi, E.
    Japaridze, G. S.
    Jeong, M.
    Jero, K.
    Jones, B. J. P.
    Jurkovic, M.
    Kappes, A.
    Karg, T.
    Karle, A.
    Katz, U.
    Kauer, M.
    Keivani, A.
    Kelley, J. L.
    Kemp, J.
    Kheirandish, A.
    Kim, M.
    Kintscher, T.
    Kiryluk, J.
    Kittler, T.
    Klein, S. R.
    Kohnen, G.
    Koirala, R.
    Kolanoski, H.
    Konietz, R.
    Koepke, L.
    Kopper, C.
    Kopper, S.
    Koskinen, D. J.
    Kowalski, M.
    Krings, K.
    Kroll, M.
    Krueckl, G.
    Krueger, C.
    Kunnen, J.
    Kunwar, S.
    Kurahashi, N.
    Kuwabara, T.
    Labare, M.
    Lanfranchi, J. L.
    Larson, M. J.
    Lauber, F.
    Lennarz, D.
    Lesiak-Bzdak, M.
    Leuermann, M.
    Leuner, J.
    Lu, L.
    Lunemann, J.
    Madsen, J.
    Maggi, G.
    Mahn, K. B. M.
    Mancina, S.
    Mandelartz, M.
    Maruyama, R.
    Mase, K.
    Maunu, R.
    McNally, F.
    Meagher, K.
    Medici, M.
    Meier, M.
    Meli, A.
    Menne, T.
    Merino, G.
    Meures, T.
    Miarecki, S.
    Mohrmann, L.
    Montaruli, T.
    Moulai, M.
    Nahnhauer, R.
    Naumann, U.
    Neer, G.
    Niederhausen, H.
    Nowicki, S. C.
    Nygren, D. R.
    Pollmann, A. Obertacke
    Olivas, A.
    O’ Murchadha, A.
    Palczewski, T.
    Pandya, H.
    Pankova, D. V.
    Penek, O.
    Pepper, J. A.
    de los Heros, C. Perez
    Pieloth, D.
    Pinat, E.
    Price, P. B.
    Przybylski, G. T.
    Quinnan, M.
    Raab, C.
    Raedel, L.
    Rameez, M.
    Rawlins, K.
    Reimann, R.
    Relethford, B.
    Relich, M.
    Resconi, E.
    Rhode, W.
    Richman, M.
    Riedel, B.
    Robertson, S.
    Rongen, M.
    Rott, C.
    Ruhe, T.
    Ryckbosch, D.
    Rysewyk, D.
    Sabbatini, L.
    Herrera, S. E. Sanchez
    Sandrock, A.
    Sandroos, J.
    Sarkar, S.
    Satalecka, K.
    Schimp, M.
    Schlunder, P.
    Schmidt, T.
    Schoenen, S.
    Schoeneberg, S.
    Schumacher, L.
    Seckel, D.
    Seunarine, S.
    Soldin, D.
    Song, M.
    Spiczak, G. M.
    Spiering, C.
    Stahlberg, M.
    Stanev, T.
    Stasik, A.
    Steuer, A.
    Stezelberger, T.
    Stokstad, R. G.
    Stoessl, A.
    Stroem, R.
    Strotjohann, N. L.
    Sullivan, G. W.
    Sutherland, M.
    Taavola, H.
    Taboada, I.
    Tatar, J.
    Tenholt, F.
    Ter-Antonyan, S.
    Terliuk, A.
    Tesic, G.
    Tilav, S.
    Toale, P. A.
    Tobin, M. N.
    Toscano, S.
    Tosi, D.
    Tselengidou, M.
    Turcati, A.
    Unger, E.
    Usner, M.
    Vandenbroucke, J.
    van Eijndhoven, N.
    Vanheule, S.
    van Rossem, M.
    van Santen, J.
    Veenkamp, J.
    Vehring, M.
    Voge, M.
    Vraeghe, M.
    Walck, C.
    Wallace, A.
    Wallraff, M.
    Wandkowsky, N.
    Weaver, Ch.
    Weiss, M. J.
    Wendt, C.
    Westerhoff, S.
    Whelan, B. J.
    Wickmann, S.
    Wiebe, K.
    Wiebusch, C. H.
    Wille, L.
    Williams, D. R.
    Wills, L.
    Wolf, M.
    Wood, T. R.
    Woolsey, E.
    Woschnagg, K.
    Xu, D. L.
    Xu, X. W.
    Xu, Y.
    Yanez, J. P.
    Yodh, G.
    Yoshida, S.
    Zoll, M.
    Collaboration, IceCube
    Constraints on Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Sources from a Search for Neutrinos above 10 PeV with IceCube2016Inngår i: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 117, nr 24Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We report constraints on the sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) above 10(9) GeV, based on an analysis of seven years of IceCube data. This analysis efficiently selects very high-energy neutrino-induced events which have deposited energies from 5 x 10(5) GeV to above 10(11) GeV. Two neutrino-induced events with an estimated deposited energy of (2.6 +/- 0.3) x 10(6) GeV, the highest neutrino energy observed so far, and (7.7 +/- 2.0) x 10(5) GeV were detected. The atmospheric background-only hypothesis of detecting these events is rejected at 3.6 sigma. The hypothesis that the observed events are of cosmogenic origin is also rejected at > 99% CL because of the limited deposited energy and the nonobservation of events at higher energy, while their observation is consistent with an astrophysical origin. Our limits on cosmogenic neutrino fluxes disfavor the UHECR sources having a cosmological evolution stronger than the star formation rate, e.g., active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts, assuming proton-dominated UHECRs. Constraints on UHECR sources including mixed and heavy UHECR compositions are obtained for models of neutrino production within UHECR sources. Our limit disfavors a significant part of parameter space for active galactic nuclei and new-born pulsar models. These limits on the ultrahigh-energy neutrino flux models are the most stringent to date.

  • 6. Aartsen, M. G.
    et al.
    Abraham, K.
    Ackermann, M.
    Adams, J.
    Aguilar, J. A.
    Ahlers, M.
    Ahrens, M.
    Altmann, D.
    Anderson, T.
    Ansseau, I.
    Anton, G.
    Archinger, M.
    Arguelles, C.
    Arlen, T. C.
    Auffenberg, J.
    Bai, X.
    Barwick, S. W.
    Baum, V.
    Bay, R.
    Beatty, J. J.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Becker, K. -H
    Beiser, E.
    BenZvi, S.
    Berghaus, P.
    Berley, D.
    Bernardini, E.
    Bernhard, A.
    Besson, D. Z.
    Binder, G.
    Bindig, D.
    Bissok, M.
    Blaufuss, E.
    Blumenthal, J.
    Boersma, D. J.
    Bohm, C.
    Boerner, M.
    Bos, F.
    Bose, D.
    Boeser, S.
    Botner, O.
    Braun, J.
    Brayeur, L.
    Bretz, H. -P
    Buzinsky, N.
    Casey, J.
    Casier, M.
    Cheung, E.
    Chirkin, D.
    Christov, A.
    Clark, K.
    Classen, L.
    Coenders, S.
    Collin, G. H.
    Conrad, J. M.
    Cowen, D. F.
    Silva, A. H. Cruz
    Daughhetee, J.
    Davis, J. C.
    Day, M.
    de Andre, J. P. A. M.
    De Clercq, C.
    Rosendo, E. del Pino
    Dembinski, H.
    De Ridder, S.
    Desiati, P.
    de Vries, K. D.
    de Wasseige, G.
    de With, M.
    DeYoung, T.
    Diaz-Velez, J. C.
    di Lorenzo, V.
    Dujmovic, H.
    Dumm, J. P.
    Dunkman, M.
    Eberhardt, B.
    Ehrhardt, T.
    Eichmann, B.
    Euler, S.
    Evenson, P. A.
    Fahey, S.
    Fazely, A. R.
    Feintzeig, J.
    Felde, J.
    Filimonov, K.
    Finley, C.
    Flis, S.
    Foesig, C. -C
    Fuchs, T.
    Gaisser, T. K.
    Gaior, R.
    Gallagher, J.
    Gerhardt, L.
    Ghorbani, K.
    Gier, D.
    Gladstone, L.
    Glagla, M.
    Gluesenkamp, T.
    Goldschmidt, A.
    Golup, G.
    Gonzalez, J. G.
    Gora, D.
    Grant, D.
    Griffith, Z.
    Ha, C.
    Haack, C.
    Ismail, A. Haj
    Hallgren, A.
    Halzen, F.
    Hansen, E.
    Hansmann, B.
    Hansmann, T.
    Hanson, K.
    Hebecker, D.
    Heereman, D.
    Helbing, K.
    Hellauer, R.
    Hickford, S.
    Hignight, J.
    Hill, G. C.
    Hoffman, K. D.
    Hoffmann, R.
    Holzapfel, K.
    Homeier, A.
    Hoshina, K.
    Huang, F.
    Huber, M.
    Huelsnitz, W.
    Hulth, P. O.
    Hultqvist, K.
    In, S.
    Ishihara, A.
    Jacobi, E.
    Japaridze, G. S.
    Jeong, M.
    Jero, K.
    Jones, B. J. P.
    Jurkovic, M.
    Kappes, A.
    Karg, T.
    Karle, A.
    Katz, U.
    Kauer, M.
    Keivani, A.
    Kelley, J. L.
    Kemp, J.
    Kheirandish, A.
    Kim, M.
    Kintscher, T.
    Kiryluk, J.
    Klein, S. R.
    Kohnen, G.
    Koirala, R.
    Kolanoski, H.
    Konietz, R.
    Koepke, L.
    Kopper, C.
    Kopper, S.
    Koskinen, D. J.
    Kowalski, M.
    Krings, K.
    Kroll, G.
    Kroll, M.
    Krueckl, G.
    Kunnen, J.
    Kunwar, S.
    Kurahashi, N.
    Kuwabara, T.
    Labare, M.
    Lanfranchi, J. L.
    Larson, M. J.
    Lennarz, D.
    Lesiak-Bzdak, M.
    Leuermann, M.
    Leuner, J.
    Lu, L.
    Luenemann, J.
    Madsen, J.
    Maggi, G.
    Mahn, K. B. M.
    Mandelartz, M.
    Maruyama, R.
    Mase, K.
    Matis, H. S.
    Maunu, R.
    McNally, F.
    Meagher, K.
    Medici, M.
    Meier, M.
    Meli, A.
    Menne, T.
    Merino, G.
    Meures, T.
    Miarecki, S.
    Middell, E.
    Mohrmann, L.
    Montaruli, T.
    Morse, R.
    Nahnhauer, R.
    Naumann, U.
    Neer, G.
    Niederhausen, H.
    Nowicki, S. C.
    Nygren, D. R.
    Pollmann, A. Obertacke
    Olivas, A.
    Omairat, A.
    O’Murchadha, A.
    Palczewski, T.
    Pandya, H.
    Pankova, D. V.
    Paul, L.
    Pepper, J. A.
    Heros, C. Perez de los
    Pfendner, C.
    Pieloth, D.
    Pinat, E.
    Posselt, J.
    Price, P. B.
    Przybylski, G. T.
    Quinnan, M.
    Raab, C.
    Raedel, L.
    Rameez, M.
    Rawlins, K.
    Reimann, R.
    Relich, M.
    Resconi, E.
    Rhode, W.
    Richman, M.
    Richter, S.
    Riedel, B.
    Robertson, S.
    Rongen, M.
    Rott, C.
    Ruhe, T.
    Ryckbosch, D.
    Sabbatini, L.
    Sander, H. -G
    Sandrock, A.
    Sandroos, J.
    Sarkar, S.
    Schatto, K.
    Schimp, M.
    Schlunder, P.
    Schmidt, T.
    Schoenen, S.
    Schoeneberg, S.
    Schoenwald, A.
    Schumacher, L.
    Seckel, D.
    Seunarine, S.
    Soldin, D.
    Song, M.
    Spiczak, G. M.
    Spiering, C.
    Stahlberg, M.
    Stamatikos, M.
    Stanev, T.
    Stasik, A.
    Steuer, A.
    Stezelberger, T.
    Stokstad, R. G.
    Stoessl, A.
    Stroem, R.
    Strotjohann, N. L.
    Sullivan, G. W.
    Sutherland, M.
    Taavola, H.
    Taboada, I.
    Tatar, J.
    Ter-Antonyan, S.
    Terliuk, A.
    Tesic, G.
    Tilav, S.
    Toale, P. A.
    Tobin, M. N.
    Toscano, S.
    Tosi, D.
    Tselengidou, M.
    Turcati, A.
    Unger, E.
    Usner, M.
    Vallecorsa, S.
    Vandenbroucke, J.
    van Eijndhoven, N.
    Vanheule, S.
    van Santen, J.
    Veenkamp, J.
    Vehring, M.
    Voge, M.
    Vraeghe, M.
    Walck, C.
    Wallace, A.
    Wallraff, M.
    Wandkowsky, N.
    Weaver, Ch.
    Wendt, C.
    Westerhoff, S.
    Whelan, B. J.
    Wiebe, K.
    Wiebusch, C. H.
    Wille, L.
    Williams, D. R.
    Wills, L.
    Wissing, H.
    Wolf, M.
    Wood, T. R.
    Woschnagg, K.
    Xu, D. L.
    Xu, X. W.
    Xu, Y.
    Yanez, J. P.
    Yodh, G.
    Yoshida, S.
    Zoll, M.
    Collaboration, IceCube
    ANISOTROPY IN COSMIC-RAY ARRIVAL DIRECTIONS IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE BASED ON SIX YEARS OF DATA FROM THE ICECUBE DETECTOR2016Inngår i: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 826, nr 2Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The IceCube Neutrino Observatory accumulated a total of 318 billion cosmic-ray-induced muon events between 2009 May and 2015 May. This data set was used for a detailed analysis of the sidereal anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays in the TeV to PeV energy range. The observed global sidereal anisotropy features large regions of relative excess and deficit, with amplitudes of the order of 10(-3) up to about 100 TeV. A decomposition of the arrival direction distribution into spherical harmonics shows that most of the power is contained in the low-multipole (l <= 4) moments. However, higher multipole components are found to be statistically significant down to an angular scale of less than 10 degrees, approaching the angular resolution of the detector. Above 100 TeV, a change in the morphology of the arrival direction distribution is observed, and the anisotropy is characterized by a wide relative deficit whose amplitude increases with primary energy up to at least 5 PeV, the highest energies currently accessible to IceCube. No time dependence of the large-and small-scale structures is observed in the period of six years covered by this analysis. The high-statistics data set reveals more details of the properties of the anisotropy and is potentially able to shed light on the various physical processes that are responsible for the complex angular structure and energy evolution.

  • 7. Aartsen, M. G.
    et al.
    Abraham, K.
    Ackermann, M.
    Adams, J.
    Aguilar, J. A.
    Ahlers, M.
    Ahrens, M.
    Altmann, D.
    Anderson, T.
    Ansseau, I.
    Archinger, M.
    Arguelles, C.
    Arlen, T. C.
    Auffenberg, J.
    Bai, X.
    Barwick, S. W.
    Baum, V.
    Bay, R.
    Beatty, J. J.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Becker, K. -H
    Beiser, E.
    BenZvi, S.
    Berghaus, P.
    Berley, D.
    Bernardini, E.
    Bernhard, A.
    Besson, D. Z.
    Binder, G.
    Bindig, D.
    Bissok, M.
    Blaufuss, E.
    Blumenthal, J.
    Boersma, D. J.
    Bohm, C.
    Boerner, M.
    Bos, F.
    Bose, D.
    Boeser, S.
    Botner, O.
    Braun, J.
    Brayeur, L.
    Bretz, H. -P
    Buzinsky, N.
    Casey, J.
    Casier, M.
    Cheung, E.
    Chirkin, D.
    Christov, A.
    Clark, K.
    Classen, L.
    Coenders, S.
    Cowen, D. F.
    Silva, A. H. Cruz
    Daughhetee, J.
    Davis, J. C.
    Day, M.
    de Andre, J. P. A. M.
    De Clercq, C.
    Rosendo, E. del Pino
    Dembinski, H.
    De Ridder, S.
    Desiati, P.
    de Vries, K. D.
    de Wasseige, G.
    de With, M.
    De Young, T.
    Diaz-Velez, J. C.
    di Lorenzo, V.
    Dumm, J. P.
    Dunkman, M.
    Eagan, R.
    Eberhardt, B.
    Ehrhardt, T.
    Eichmann, B.
    Euler, S.
    Evenson, P. A.
    Fadiran, O.
    Fahey, S.
    Fazely, A. R.
    Fedynitch, A.
    Feintzeig, J.
    Felde, J.
    Filimonov, K.
    Finley, C.
    Fischer-Wasels, T.
    Flis, S.
    Foesig, C. -C
    Fuchs, T.
    Gaisser, T. K.
    Gaior, R.
    Gallagher, J.
    Gerhardt, L.
    Ghorbani, K.
    Gier, D.
    Gladstone, L.
    Glagla, M.
    Gluesenkamp, T.
    Goldschmidt, A.
    Golup, G.
    Gonzalez, J. G.
    Gora, D.
    Grant, D.
    Groh, J. C.
    Gross, A.
    Ha, C.
    Haack, C.
    Ismail, A. Haj
    Hallgren, A.
    Halzen, F.
    Hansen, E.
    Hansmann, B.
    Hanson, K.
    Hebecker, D.
    Heereman, D.
    Helbing, K.
    Hellauer, R.
    Hickford, S.
    Hignight, J.
    Hill, G. C.
    Hoffman, K. D.
    Hoffmann, R.
    Holzapfel, K.
    Homeier, A.
    Hoshina, K.
    Huang, F.
    Huber, M.
    Huelsnitz, W.
    Hulth, P. O.
    Hultqvist, K.
    In, S.
    Ishihara, A.
    Jacobi, E.
    Japaridze, G. S.
    Jero, K.
    Jurkovic, M.
    Kappes, A.
    Karg, T.
    Karle, A.
    Kauer, M.
    Keivani, A.
    Kelley, J. L.
    Kemp, J.
    Kheirandish, A.
    Kiryluk, J.
    Klaes, J.
    Klein, S. R.
    Kohnen, G.
    Koirala, R.
    Kolanoski, H.
    Konietz, R.
    Koepke, L.
    Kopper, C.
    Kopper, S.
    Koskinen, D. J.
    Kowalski, M.
    Krings, K.
    Kroll, G.
    Kroll, M.
    Kunnen, J.
    Kurahashi, N.
    Kuwabara, T.
    Labare, M.
    Lanfranchi, J. L.
    Larson, M. J.
    Lesiak-Bzdak, M.
    Leuermann, M.
    Leuner, J.
    Lu, L.
    Luenemann, J.
    Madsen, J.
    Maggi, G.
    Mahn, K. B. M.
    Maruyama, R.
    Mase, K.
    Matis, H. S.
    Maunu, R.
    McNally, F.
    Meagher, K.
    Medici, M.
    Meli, A.
    Menne, T.
    Merino, G.
    Meures, T.
    Miarecki, S.
    Middell, E.
    Middlemas, E.
    Mohrmann, L.
    Montaruli, T.
    Morse, R.
    Nahnhauer, R.
    Naumann, U.
    Neer, G.
    Niederhausen, H.
    Nowicki, S. C.
    Nygren, D. R.
    Obertacke, A.
    Olivas, A.
    Omairat, A.
    O'Murchadha, A.
    Palczewski, T.
    Pandya, H.
    Pankova, D. V.
    Paul, L.
    Heros, C. Perez de Los
    Pfendner, C.
    Pieloth, D.
    Pinat, E.
    Posselt, J.
    Price, P. B.
    Przybylski, G. T.
    Puetz, J.
    Quinnan, M.
    Raab, C.
    Raedel, L.
    Rameez, M.
    Rawlins, K.
    Reimann, R.
    Relich, M.
    Resconi, E.
    Rhode, W.
    Richman, M.
    Richter, S.
    Riedel, B.
    Robertson, S.
    Rongen, M.
    Rott, C.
    Ruhe, T.
    Ryckbosch, D.
    Saba, S. M.
    Sabbatini, L.
    Sander, H. -G
    Sandrock, A.
    Sandroos, J.
    Sarkar, S.
    Schatto, K.
    Scheriau, F.
    Schimp, M.
    Schmidt, T.
    Schmitz, M.
    Schoenen, S.
    Schoeneberg, S.
    Schoenwald, A.
    Schulte, L.
    Seckel, D.
    Seunarine, S.
    Smith, M. W. E.
    Soldin, D.
    Song, M.
    Spiczak, G. M.
    Spiering, C.
    Stahlberg, M.
    Stamatikos, M.
    Stanev, T.
    Stanisha, N. A.
    Stasik, A.
    Stezelberger, T.
    Stokstad, R. G.
    Stoessl, A.
    Stroem, R.
    Strotjohann, N. L.
    Sullivan, G. W.
    Sutherland, M.
    Taavola, H.
    Taboada, I.
    Tatar, J.
    Ter-Antonyan, S.
    Terliuk, A.
    Tesic, G.
    Tilav, S.
    Toale, P. A.
    Tobin, M. N.
    Toscano, S.
    Tosi, D.
    Tselengidou, M.
    Turcati, A.
    Unger, E.
    Usner, M.
    Vallecorsa, S.
    Vandenbroucke, J.
    van Eijndhoven, N.
    Vanheule, S.
    van Santen, J.
    Veenkamp, J.
    Vehring, M.
    Voge, M.
    Vraeghe, M.
    Walck, C.
    Wallace, A.
    Wallraff, M.
    Wandkowsky, N.
    Weaver, Ch.
    Wendt, C.
    Westerhoff, S.
    Whelan, B. J.
    Whitehorn, N.
    Wiebe, K.
    Wiebusch, C. H.
    Wille, L.
    Williams, D. R.
    Wissing, H.
    Wolf, M.
    Wood, T. R.
    Woschnagg, K.
    Xu, D. L.
    Xu, X. W.
    Xu, Y.
    Yanez, J. P.
    Yodh, G.
    Yoshida, S.
    Zoll, M.
    Search for astrophysical tau neutrinos in three years of IceCube data2016Inngår i: Physical Review D, ISSN 1550-7998, E-ISSN 1550-2368, Vol. 93, nr 2Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has observed a diffuse flux of TeV-PeVastrophysical neutrinos at 5.7 sigma significance from an all-flavor search. The direct detection of tau neutrinos in this flux has yet to occur. Tau neutrinos become distinguishable from other flavors in IceCube at energies above a few hundred TeV, when the cascade from the tau neutrino charged current interaction becomes resolvable from the cascade from the tau lepton decay. This paper presents results from the first dedicated search for tau neutrinos with energies between 214 TeV and 72 PeV in the full IceCube detector. The analysis searches for IceCube optical sensors that observe two separate pulses in a single event-one from the tau neutrino interaction and a second from the tau decay. No candidate events were observed in three years of IceCube data. For the first time, a differential upper limit on astrophysical tau neutrinos is derived around the PeV energy region, which is nearly 3 orders of magnitude lower in energy than previous limits from dedicated tau neutrino searches.

  • 8. Aartsen, M. G.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Adams, J.
    Aguilar, J. A.
    Ahlers, M.
    Ahrens, M.
    Al Samarai, I.
    Altmann, D.
    Andeen, K.
    Anderson, T.
    Ansseau, I.
    Anton, G.
    Archinger, M.
    Argelles, C.
    Auffenberg, J.
    Axani, S.
    Bai, X.
    Barwick, S. W.
    Baum, V.
    Bay, R.
    Beatty, J. J.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Becker, K. -H
    BenZvi, S.
    Berley, D.
    Bernardini, E.
    Besson, D. Z.
    Binder, G.
    Bindig, D.
    Blaufuss, E.
    Blot, S.
    Bohm, C.
    Boerner, M.
    Bos, F.
    Bose, D.
    Boeser, S.
    Botner, O.
    Braun, J.
    Brayeur, L.
    Bretz, H. -P
    Bron, S.
    Burgman, A.
    Carver, T.
    Casier, M.
    Cheung, E.
    Chirkin, D.
    Christov, A.
    Clark, K.
    Classen, L.
    Coenders, S.
    Collin, G. H.
    Conrad, J. M.
    Cowen, F.
    Cross, R.
    Day, M.
    de Andre, J. P. A. M.
    De Clercq, C.
    Rosendo, E. del Pino
    Dembinski, H.
    De Ridder, S.
    Desiati, P.
    de Vries, K. D.
    de Wasseige, G.
    de With, M.
    DeYoung, T.
    Diaz-Velez, J. C.
    di Lorenzo, V.
    Dujmovic, H.
    Dumm, J. P.
    Dunkman, M.
    Eberhardt, B.
    Ehrhardt, T.
    Eichmann, B.
    Eller, P.
    Euler, S.
    Evenson, A.
    Fahey, S.
    Fazely, A. R.
    Feintzeig, J.
    Felde, J.
    Filimonov, K.
    Finley, C.
    Flis, S.
    Foesig, C. -C
    Franckowiak, A.
    Friedman, E.
    Fuchs, T.
    Gaisser, T. K.
    Gallagher, J.
    Gerhardt, L.
    Ghorbani, K.
    Giang, W.
    Gladstone, L.
    Glauch, T.
    Gluesenkamp, T.
    Goldschmidt, A.
    Gonzalez, J. G.
    Grant, D.
    Griffith, Z.
    Haack, C.
    Hallgren, A.
    Halzen, F.
    Hansen, E.
    Hansmann, T.
    Hanson, K.
    Hebecker, D.
    Heereman, D.
    Helbing, K.
    Hellauer, R.
    Hickford, S.
    Hignight, J.
    Hill, G. C.
    Hoffman, K. D.
    Hoffmann, R.
    Hoshina, K.
    Huang, F.
    Huber, M.
    Hultqvist, K.
    In, S.
    Ishihara, A.
    Jacobi, E.
    Japaridze, G. S.
    Jeong, M.
    Jero, K.
    Jones, B. J. P.
    Kang, W.
    Kappes, A.
    Karg, T.
    Karle, A.
    Katz, U.
    Kauer, M.
    Keivani, A.
    Kelley, J. L.
    Kheirandish, A.
    Kim, J.
    Kim, M.
    Kintscher, T.
    Kiryluk, J.
    Kittler, T.
    Klein, S. R.
    Kohnen, G.
    Koirala, R.
    Kolanoski, H.
    Konietz, R.
    Koepke, L.
    Kopper, C.
    Kopper, S.
    Koskinen, D. J.
    Kowalski, M.
    Krings, K.
    Kroll, M.
    Krueckl, G.
    Krueger, C.
    Kunnen, J.
    Kunwar, S.
    Kurahashi, N.
    Kuwabara, T.
    Kyriacou, A.
    Labare, M.
    Lanfranchi, J. L.
    Larson, M. J.
    Lauber, F.
    Lennarz, D.
    Lesiak-Bzdak, M.
    Leuermann, M.
    Lu, L.
    Lunemann, J.
    Madsen, J.
    Maggi, G.
    Mahn, K. B. M.
    Mancina, S.
    Mandelartz, M.
    Maruyama, R.
    Mase, K.
    Maunu, R.
    McNally, F.
    Meagher, K.
    Medici, M.
    Meier, M.
    Menne, T.
    Merino, G.
    Meures, T.
    Miarecki, S.
    Micallef, J.
    Momente, G.
    Montaruli, T.
    Moulai, M.
    Nahnhauer, R.
    Naumann, U.
    Neer, G.
    Niederhausen, H.
    Nowicki, S. C.
    Nygren, D. R.
    Pollmann, A. Obertacke
    Olivas, A.
    O’Murchadha, A.
    Palczewski, T.
    Pandya, H.
    Pankova, D. V.
    Peiffer, P.
    Penek, Oe.
    Pepper, J. A.
    Heros, C. Perez de los
    Pieloth, D.
    Pinat, E.
    Price, P. B.
    Przybylski, G. T.
    Quinnan, M.
    Raab, C.
    Raedel, L.
    Rameez, M.
    Rawlins, K.
    Reimann, R.
    Relethford, B.
    Relich, M.
    Resconi, E.
    Rhode, W.
    Richman, M.
    Riedel, B.
    Robertson, S.
    Rongen, M.
    Rott, C.
    Ruhe, T.
    Ryckbosch, D.
    Rysewyk, D.
    Sabbatini, L.
    Herrera, S. E. Sanchez
    Sandrock, A.
    Sandroos, J.
    Sarkar, S.
    Satalecka, K.
    Schlunder, P.
    Schmidt, T.
    Schoenen, S.
    Schoeneberg, S.
    Schumacher, L.
    Seckel, D.
    Seunarine, S.
    Soldin, D.
    Song, M.
    Spiczak, G. M.
    Spiering, C.
    Stachurska, J.
    Stanev, T.
    Stasik, A.
    Stettner, J.
    Steuer, A.
    Stezelberger, T.
    Stokstad, R. G.
    Stossl, A.
    Stroem, R.
    Strotjohann, N. L.
    Sullivan, G. W.
    Sutherland, M.
    Taavola, H.
    Taboada, I.
    Tatar, J.
    Tenholt, F.
    Ter-Antonyan, S.
    Terliuk, A.
    Tesic, G.
    Tilav, S.
    Toale, P. A.
    Tobin, M. N.
    Toscano, S.
    Tosi, D.
    Tselengidou, M.
    Tung, C. F.
    Turcati, A.
    Unger, E.
    Usner, M.
    Vandenbroucke, J.
    van Eijndhoven, N.
    Vanheule, S.
    van Rossem, M.
    van Santen, J.
    Vehring, M.
    Voge, M.
    Vogel, E.
    Vraeghe, M.
    Walck, C.
    Wallace, A.
    Wallraff, M.
    Wandkowsky, N.
    Waza, A.
    Weaver, Ch.
    Weiss, M. J.
    Wendt, C.
    Westerhoff, S.
    Whelan, B. J.
    Wickmann, S.
    Wiebe, K.
    Wiebusch, C. H.
    Wille, L.
    Williams, D. R.
    Wills, L.
    Wolf, M.
    Wood, T. R.
    Woolsey, E.
    Woschnagg, K.
    Xu, D. L.
    Xu, X. W.
    Xu, Y.
    Yanez, J. P.
    Yodh, G.
    Yoshida, S.
    Zoll, M.
    Collaboration, IceCube
    Search for sterile neutrino mixing using three years of IceCube DeepCore data2017Inngår i: Physical Review D: covering particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology, ISSN 2470-0010, E-ISSN 2470-0029, Vol. 95, nr 11Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a search for a light sterile neutrino using three years of atmospheric neutrino data from the DeepCore detector in the energy range of approximately 10-60 GeV. DeepCore is the low-energy subarray of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The standard three-neutrino paradigm can be probed by adding an additional light (Delta m(41)(2) similar to 1 eV(2)) sterile neutrino. Sterile neutrinos do not interact through the standard weak interaction and, therefore, cannot be directly detected. However, their mixing with the three active neutrino states leaves an imprint on the standard atmospheric neutrino oscillations for energies below 100 GeV. A search for such mixing via muon neutrino disappearance is presented here. The data are found to be consistent with the standard three-neutrino hypothesis. Therefore, we derive limits on the mixing matrix elements at the level of vertical bar U mu(4)vertical bar(2) < 0.11 and vertical bar U-tau 4 vertical bar(2) < 0.15 (90% C. L.) for the sterile neutrino mass splitting Delta m(41)(2) = 1.0 eV(2).

  • 9. Abbatt, J. P. D.
    et al.
    Thomas, J. L.
    Abrahamsson, K.
    Boxe, C.
    Granfors, A.
    Jones, A. E.
    King, M. D.
    Saiz-Lopez, A.
    Shepson, P. B.
    Sodeau, J.
    Toohey, D. W.
    Toubin, C.
    von Glasow, R.
    Wren, S. N.
    Yang, X.
    Halogen activation via interactions with environmental ice and snow in the polar lower troposphere and other regions2012Inngår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics, ISSN 1680-7316, E-ISSN 1680-7324, Vol. 12, nr 14, s. 6237-6271Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The role of ice in the formation of chemically active halogens in the environment requires a full understanding because of its role in atmospheric chemistry, including controlling the regional atmospheric oxidizing capacity in specific situations. In particular, ice and snow are important for facilitating multiphase oxidative chemistry and as media upon which marine algae live. This paper reviews the nature of environmental ice substrates that participate in halogen chemistry, describes the reactions that occur on such substrates, presents the field evidence for ice-mediated halogen activation, summarizes our best understanding of ice-halogen activation mechanisms, and describes the current state of modeling these processes at different scales. Given the rapid pace of developments in the field, this paper largely addresses advances made in the past five years, with emphasis given to the polar boundary layer. The integrative nature of this field is highlighted in the presentation of work from the molecular to the regional scale, with a focus on understanding fundamental processes. This is essential for developing realistic parameterizations and descriptions of these processes for inclusion in larger scale models that are used to determine their regional and global impacts.

  • 10. Aben, Ralf C. H.
    et al.
    Barros, Nathan
    van Donk, Ellen
    Frenken, Thijs
    Hilt, Sabine
    Kazanjian, Garabet
    Lamers, Leon P. M.
    Peeters, Edwin T. H. M.
    Roelofs, Jan G. M.
    de Senerpont Domis, Lisette N.
    Stephan, Susanne
    Velthuis, Mandy
    Van de Waal, Dedmer B.
    Wik, Martin
    Thornton, Brett F.
    Wilkinson, Jeremy
    DelSontro, Tonya
    Kosten, Sarian
    Cross continental increase in methane ebullition under climate change2017Inngår i: Nature Communications, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 8, nr 1Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Methane (CH4) strongly contributes to observed global warming. As natural CH4 emissions mainly originate from wet ecosystems, it is important to unravel how climate change may affect these emissions. This is especially true for ebullition (bubble flux from sediments), a pathway that has long been underestimated but generally dominates emissions. Here we show a remarkably strong relationship between CH4 ebullition and temperature across a wide range of freshwater ecosystems on different continents using multi-seasonal CH4 ebullition data from the literature. As these temperature–ebullition relationships may have been affected by seasonal variation in organic matter availability, we also conducted a controlled year-round mesocosm experiment. Here 4 °C warming led to 51% higher total annual CH4 ebullition, while diffusion was not affected. Our combined findings suggest that global warming will strongly enhance freshwater CH4 emissions through a disproportional increase in ebullition (6–20% per 1 °C increase), contributing to global warming.

  • 11. Abraham, Vojtech
    et al.
    Hicks, Sheila
    Svobodova-Svitavska, Helena
    Bozilova, Elissaveta
    Panajiotidis, Sampson
    Filipova-Marinova, Mariana
    Jensen, Christin Eldegard
    Tonkov, Spassimir
    Pidek, Irena Agnieszka
    Swieta-Musznicka, Joanna
    Zimny, Marcelina
    Kvavadze, Eliso
    Filbrandt-Czaja, Anna
    Hättestrand, Martina
    Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi.
    Karlioglu Kilic, Nurgül
    Kosenko, Jana
    Nosova, Maria
    Severova, Elena
    Volkova, Olga
    Hallsdottir, Margret
    Kalnina, Laimdota
    Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M.
    Noryskiewicz, Bozena
    Pardoe, Heather
    Christodoulou, Areti
    Koff, Tiiu
    Fontana, Sonia L.
    Alenius, Teija
    Isaksson, Elisabeth
    Seppä, Heikki
    Veski, Siim
    Pedziszewska, Anna
    Weiser, Martin
    Giesecke, Thomas
    Patterns in recent and Holocene pollen accumulation rates across Europe - the Pollen Monitoring Programme Database as a tool for vegetation reconstruction2021Inngår i: Biogeosciences, ISSN 1726-4170, E-ISSN 1726-4189, Vol. 18, nr 15, s. 4511-4534Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The collection of modern, spatially extensive pollen data is important for the interpretation of fossil pollen assemblages and the reconstruction of past vegetation communities in space and time. Modern datasets are readily available for percentage data but lacking for pollen accumulation rates (PARs). Filling this gap has been the motivation of the pollen monitoring network, whose contributors monitored pollen deposition in modified Tauber traps for several years or decades across Europe. Here we present this monitoring dataset consisting of 351 trap locations with a total of 2742 annual samples covering the period from 1981 to 2017. This dataset shows that total PAR is influenced by forest cover and climate parameters, which determine pollen productivity and correlate with latitude. Treeless vegetation produced PAR values of at least 140 grains cm−2 yr−1. Tree PAR increased by at least 400 grains cm−2 yr−1 with each 10 % increase in forest cover. Pollen traps situated beyond 200 km of the distribution of a given tree species still collect occasional pollen grains of that species. The threshold of this long-distance transport differs for individual species and is generally below 60 grains cm−2 yr−1. Comparisons between modern and fossil PAR from the same regions show similar values. For temperate taxa, modern analogues for fossil PARs are generally found downslope or southward of the fossil sites. While we do not find modern situations comparable to fossil PAR values of some taxa (e.g. Corylus), CO2 fertilization and land use may cause high modern PARs that are not documented in the fossil record. The modern data are now publicly available in the Neotoma Paleoecology Database and aid interpretations of fossil PAR data.

  • 12. Abrahamsson, T.
    Sjangeli.1978Inngår i: Fjällklubbsnytt, Vol. 23, nr 3, s. 10-11Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 13. Achtert, P.
    et al.
    Brooks, I. M.
    Brooks, B. J.
    Moat, B. I.
    Prytherch, J.
    Persson, P. O. G.
    Tjernstrom, M.
    Measurement of wind profiles by motion-stabilised ship-borne Doppler lidar2015Inngår i: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, ISSN 1867-1381, E-ISSN 1867-8548, Vol. 8, nr 11, s. 4993-5007Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Three months of Doppler lidar wind measurements were obtained during the Arctic Cloud Summer Experiment on the icebreaker Oden during the summer of 2014. Such ship-borne Doppler measurements require active stabilisation to remove the effects of ship motion. We demonstrate that the combination of a commercial Doppler lidar with a custom-made motion-stabilisation platform enables the retrieval of wind profiles in the Arctic atmospheric boundary layer during both cruising and ice-breaking with statistical uncertainties comparable to land-based measurements. This held true particularly within the atmospheric boundary layer even though the overall aerosol load was very low. Motion stabilisation was successful for high wind speeds in open water and the resulting wave conditions. It allows for the retrieval of vertical winds with a random error below 0.2 ms(-1). The comparison of lidar-measured wind and radio soundings gives a mean bias of 0.3 ms(-1) (2 degrees) and a mean standard deviation of 1.1 ms(-1) (12 degrees) for wind speed (wind direction). The agreement for wind direction degrades with height. The combination of a motion-stabilised platform with a low-maintenance autonomous Doppler lidar has the potential to enable continuous long-term high-resolution ship-based wind profile measurements over the oceans.

  • 14. Achtert, Peggy
    et al.
    O'Connor, Ewan J.
    Brooks, Ian M.
    Sotiropoulou, Georgia
    Stockholms universitet, Meteorologiska institutionen (MISU).
    Shupe, Matthew D.
    Pospichal, Bernhard
    Brooks, Barbara J.
    Tjernström, Michael
    Stockholms universitet, Meteorologiska institutionen (MISU).
    Properties of Arctic liquid and mixed-phase clouds from shipborne Cloudnet observations during ACSE 20142020Inngår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics, ISSN 1680-7316, E-ISSN 1680-7324, Vol. 20, nr 23, s. 14983-15002Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This study presents Cloudnet retrievals of Arctic clouds from measurements conducted during a 3-month research expedition along the Siberian shelf during summer and autumn 2014. During autumn, we find a strong reduction in the occurrence of liquid clouds and an increase for both mixed-phase and ice clouds at low levels compared to summer. About 80 % of all liquid clouds observed during the research cruise show a liquid water path below the infrared black body limit of approximately 50 g m(-2). The majority of mixed-phase and ice clouds had an ice water path below 20 g m(-2). Cloud properties are analysed with respect to cloud-top temperature and boundary layer structure. Changes in these parameters have little effect on the geometric thickness of liquid clouds while mixed-phase clouds during warm-air advection events are generally thinner than when such events were absent. Cloud-top temperatures are very similar for all mixed-phase clouds. However, more cases of lower cloudtop temperature were observed in the absence of warm-air advection. Profiles of liquid and ice water content are normalized with respect to cloud base and height. For liquid water clouds, the liquid water content profile reveals a strong increase with height with a maximum within the upper quarter of the clouds followed by a sharp decrease towards cloud top. Liquid water content is lowest for clouds observed below an inversion during warm-air advection events. Most mixedphase clouds show a liquid water content profile with a very similar shape to that of liquid clouds but with lower maximum values during events with warm air above the planetary boundary layer. The normalized ice water content profiles in mixed-phase clouds look different from those of liquid water content. They show a wider range in maximum values with the lowest ice water content for clouds below an inversion and the highest values for clouds above or extending through an inversion. The ice water content profile generally peaks at a height below the peak in the liquid water content profile - usually in the centre of the cloud, sometimes closer to cloud base, likely due to particle sublimation as the crystals fall through the cloud.

  • 15.
    Ackermann, M.
    Inst. für Phys. Geogr..
    Frost- und Vegetationsmuster an einem Hang bei Abisko, Schwedisch Lappland.1988Oppgave
  • 16. Ackley, S. F.
    et al.
    Perovich, D. K.
    Maksym, T.
    Weissling, B.
    Xie, H.
    Surface flooding of Antarctic summer sea ice2020Inngår i: Annals of Glaciology, Vol. 61, nr 82, s. 117-126Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The surface flooding of Antarctic sea ice in summer covers 50% or more of the sea-ice area in the major summer ice packs, the western Weddell and the Bellingshausen-Amundsen Seas. Two CRREL ice mass-balance buoys were deployed on the Amundsen Sea pack in late December 2010 from the icebreaker Oden, bridging the summer period (January–February 2011). Temperature records from thermistors embedded vertically in the snow and ice showed progressive increases in the depth of the flooded layer (up to 0.3–0.35 m) on the ice cover during January and February. While the snow depth was relatively unchanged from accumulation (<10 cm), ice thickness decreased by up to a meter from bottom melting during this period. Contemporaneous with the high bottom melting, under-ice water temperatures up to 1°C above the freezing point were found. The high temperature arises from solar heating of the upper mixed layer which can occur when ice concentration in the local area falls and lower albedo ocean water is exposed to radiative heating. The higher proportion of snow ice found in the Amundsen Sea pack ice therefore results from both winter snowfall and summer ice bottom melt found here that can lead to extensive surface flooding.

  • 17. Acland, C.M.
    et al.
    Maxce, V.C.
    Peakall, D.B.
    Fågelobservationer i Lappland.1956Inngår i: Fauna och flora, Vol. 51, nr 4, s. 162-173Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 18. Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina
    et al.
    Hagström, Jonas
    Reguero, Marcelo
    Mörs, Thomas
    Historical perspective of Otto Nordenskjöld's Antarctic penguin fossil collection and Carl Wiman's contribution2017Inngår i: Polar Record, ISSN 0032-2474, E-ISSN 1475-3057Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The early explorer and scientist Otto Nordenskjöld, leader of the Swedish South Polar Expedition of 1901–1903, was the first to collect Antarctic penguin fossils. The site is situated in the northeastern region of Seymour Island and constitutes one of the most important localities in the study of fossilised penguins. The task of describing these specimens together with fossilised whale remains was given to Professor Carl Wiman (1867–1944) at Uppsala University, Sweden. Although the paradigm for the systematic study of penguins has changed considerably over recent years, Wiman's contributions are still remarkable. His establishment of grouping by size as a basis for classification was a novel approach that allowed them to deal with an unexpectedly high morphological diversity and limited knowledge of penguin skeletal anatomy. In the past, it was useful to provide a basic framework for the group that today could be used as ‘taxon free’ categories. First, it was important to define new species, and then to establish a classification based on size and robustness. This laid the foundation for the first attempts to use morphometric parameters for the classification of isolated penguin bones. The Nordenskjöld materials constitute an invaluable collection for comparative purposes, and every year researchers from different countries visit this collection.

  • 19. Adamek, P.M.
    Geology and mineralogy of the Kopparåsen uraninite-sulphide mineralization, Norrbotten county, Sweden.1975Inngår i: Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie, Vol. C 712, nr 69(4), s. 3-69Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 20. Adams, Mark A.
    et al.
    Buckley, Thomas N.
    Turnbull, Tarryn L.
    Diminishing CO2-driven gains in water-use efficiency of global forests2020Inngår i: Nature Climate Change, ISSN 1758-678X, E-ISSN 1758-6798, Vol. 10, nr 5, s. 466-471Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    There is broad consensus that, via changes in stomatal conductance, plants moderate the exchanges of water and carbon between the biosphere and atmosphere, playing a major role in global hydroclimate. Tree rings record atmospheric CO2 concentration (ca) and its isotopic composition (13C/12C)—mediated by stomatal and photosynthetic influences—that can be expressed in terms of intrinsic water-use efficiency (W). Here, we compile a global W dataset based on 422 tree-ring isotope series and report that W increased with ca over the twentieth century, but the rates of increase (dW/dca) declined by half. Angiosperms contributed more than gymnosperms to the slowdown, and in recent decades, dW/dca for angiosperms was close to zero. dW/dca varies widely across climatic regions and reflects pauses in emissions during the Great Depression and after World War II. There is strong spatial variability in climate forcing via an increasing W, which is weakening globally with time.

  • 21. Adamčík, Slavomír
    et al.
    Slovák, Marek
    Eberhardt, Ursula
    Ronikier, Anna
    Jairus, Teele
    Hampe, Felix
    Verbeken, Annemieke
    Molecular inference, multivariate morphometrics and ecological assessment are applied in concert to delimit species in the Russula clavipes complex2016Inngår i: Mycologia, ISSN 0027-5514, E-ISSN 1557-2536, Vol. 108, nr 4, s. 716-730Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Species of Russula subsect. Xerampelinae are notoriously difficult to identify and name and have not been subject to molecular study. A group of species, referred to here as the R. clavipes complex, growing in association with Salix, Betula and Populus as well as coniferous tree species from temperate to arctic and alpine habitats, were examined. Analyses of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and a numerical analysis of morphological characters were used. The R. clavipes complex is a monophyletic group within Russula subsect. Xerampelinae, according to molecular results. The complex includes three species: R. nuoljae is a phylogenetically and morphologically well-supported species while the other two, R. clavipes and R. pascua, are similar based on ITS data and morphology but separate based on their ecology. Russula pseudoolivascens is conspecific with R. clavipes. Several combinations of characters traditionally used in the taxonomy of R. subsect. Xerampelinae are inappropriate for species delimitation in this group and the adequacy of the ITS for species identification in this group is discussed. Detailed microscopic observations on the type collection of R. nuoljae are presented and illustrated, along with a key to the European members of R. subsect. Xerampelinae.

  • 22. Adedokun, J.A.
    et al.
    Holmgren, B.
    Acoustic sounder detection of anabatic/katabatic winds in Abisko N. Sweden.1991Inngår i: Renewable Energy, Vol. 1, nr 1, s. 77-89Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 23. Adedokun, J.A.
    et al.
    Holmgren, B.
    Acoustic sounder doppler measurement of the wind fields associated with a mountain stratus transformed into a valley fog: a case study.1993Inngår i: Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 27A, nr 7, s. 1091-1098Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 24. Adeyefa, Z.D.
    Spectral Investigations of Solar Irradiance under Arctic and Tropical Weather Situations.1996Oppgave
  • 25. Adeyefa, Z.D.
    et al.
    Holmgren, B.
    Adedokun, J.A.
    Spectral solar radiation measurements and turbidity: comparative studies within a tropical and a subarctic environment.1997Inngår i: Solar Energy, Vol. 60, nr 1, s. 17-24Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 26.
    Aebi, M.A.
    Department of Geography. Institute of Meteorology, Climatology and Remote Sensing..
    Analysis of Critical Meteorological Conditions Essential to Snowmelt Induced Slush-Torrent Release over the Last 50 Years in the Abisko Mountains, Northern Swedish Lapland.2001Oppgave
  • 27. Aerts, R
    The freezer defrosting: global warming and litter decomposition rates in cold biomes2006Inngår i: Journal of Ecology, ISSN 0022-0477, E-ISSN 1365-2745, Vol. 94, nr 4, s. 713-724Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    1 Decomposition of plant litter, a key component of the global carbon budget, is hierarchically controlled by the triad: climate > litter quality > soil organisms. Given the sensitivity of decomposition to temperature, especially in cold biomes, it has been hypothesized that global warming will lead to increased litter decomposition rates, both through direct temperature effects and through indirect effects on litter quality and soil organisms. 2 A meta-analysis of experimental warming studies in cold biomes (34 site-species combinations) showed that warming resulted in slightly increased decomposition rates. However, this response was strongly dependent on the method used: open top chambers reduced decomposition rates, whereas heating lamps stimulated decomposition rates. The low responsiveness was mainly due to moisture-limited decomposition rates in the warming treatments, especially at mesic and xeric sites. This control of litter decomposition by both temperature and moisture was corroborated by natural gradient studies. 3 Interspecific differences in litter quality and decomposability are substantially larger than warming-induced phenotypic responses. Thus, the changes in the species composition and structure of plant communities that have been observed in medium-term warming studies in cold biomes will have a considerably greater impact on ecosystem litter decomposition than phenotypic responses. 4 Soil fauna communities in cold biomes are responsive to climate warming. Moreover, temperature-driven migration of the, hitherto absent, large comminuters to high-latitude sites may significantly increase decomposition rates. However, we do not know how far-reaching the consequences of changes in the species composition and structure of the soil community are for litter decomposition, as there is a lack of data on functional species redundancy and the species’ dispersal ability. 5 Global warming will lead to increased litter decomposition rates only if there is sufficient soil moisture. Hence, climate scenario and experimental studies should focus more on both factors and their interaction. As interspecific differences in potential decomposability and litter chemistry are substantially larger than phenotypic responses to warming, the focus of future research should be on the former. In addition, more light should be shed on the below-ground ‘darkness’ to evaluate the ecological significance of warming-induced soil fauna community changes for litter decomposition processes in cold biomes.

  • 28. Aerts, R
    et al.
    Cornelissen, J H C
    Dorrepaal, E
    van Logtestijn, R S P
    Callaghan, T V
    Effects of experimentally imposed climate scenarios on flowering phenology and flower production of subarctic bog species2004Inngår i: Global Change Biology, ISSN 1354-1013, E-ISSN 1365-2486, Vol. 10, nr 9, s. 1599-1609Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Climate scenarios for high-latitude areas predict not only increased summer temperatures, but also larger variation in snowfall and winter temperatures. By using open-top chambers, we experimentally manipulated both summer temperatures and winter and spring snow accumulations and temperatures independently in a blanket bog in subarctic Sweden, yielding six climate scenarios. We studied the effects of these scenarios on flowering phenology and flower production of Andromeda polifolia (woody evergreen) and Rubus chamaemorus (perennial herb) during 2 years. The second year of our study (2002) was characterized by unusually high spring and early summer temperatures. Our winter manipulations led to consistent increases in winter snow cover. As a result, average and minimum air and soil temperatures in the high snow cover treatments were higher than in the winter ambient treatments, whereas temperature fluctuations were smaller. Spring warming resulted in higher average, minimum, and maximum soil temperatures. Summer warming led to higher air and soil temperatures in mid-summer (June-July), but not in late summer (August-September). The unusually high temperatures in 2002 advanced the median flowering date by 2 weeks for both species in all treatments. Superimposed on this effect, we found that for both Andromeda and Rubus, all our climate treatments (except summer warming for Rubus) advanced flowering by 1-4 days. The total flower production of both species showed a more or less similar response: flower production in the warm year 2002 exceeded that in 2001 by far. However, in both species flower production was only stimulated by the spring-warming treatments. Our results show that the reproductive ecology of both species is very responsive to climate change but this response is very dependent on specific climate events, especially those that occur in winter and spring. This suggests that high-latitude climate change experiments should focus more on winter and spring events than has been the case so far.

  • 29. Aerts, R.
    et al.
    Cornelissen, J. H. C.
    van Logtestijn, R. S. P.
    Callaghan, T. V.
    Climate change has only a minor impact on nutrient resorption parameters in a high-latitude peatland2007Inngår i: Oecologia, ISSN 0029-8549, E-ISSN 1432-1939, Vol. 151, nr 1, s. 132-139Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Nutrient resorption from senescing plant tissues is an important determinant of the fitness of plant populations in nutrient-poor ecosystems, because it makes plants less dependent on current nutrient uptake. Moreover, it can have significant “afterlife” effects through its impact on litter chemistry and litter decomposability. Little is known about the effects of climate change on nutrient resorption. We studied the effects of climate change treatments (including winter snow addition, and spring and/or summer warming) on nutrient resorption of four dominant species in a nutrient-poor subarctic peatland. These species were Betula nana (woody deciduous), Vaccinium uliginosum (woody deciduous), Calamagrostis lapponica (graminoid) and Rubus chamaemorus (forb). After five years of treatments both mature and senesced leaf N concentrations showed a small but significant overall reduction in response to the climate treatments. However, the effects were species-specific. For example, in the controls the N concentration in senesced leaves of Calamagrostis (3.0 +/- 0.2 mg N g(-1)) was about four times lower than for Rubus (11.2 +/- 0.2 mg N g(-1)). There were no significant treatment effects on N resorption efficiency (% of the N pool in mature leaves that is resorbed during senescence). The nitrogen resorption efficiency of Calamagrostis (about 80%) was higher than in the other three species (about 60%). Thus, climate change has only a minor impact on nutrient resorption parameters. However, given the substantial interspecific differences in these parameters, substantial changes in plant-soil feedbacks may be expected as a result of the observed changes in the species composition of high-latitude vegetation. These changes are species-specific and thus difficult to predict.

  • 30. Aerts, R.
    et al.
    Wallén, B.
    Malmer, N.
    Growth-limiting nutrients in Sphagnum-dominated bogs subject to low and high atmospheric nitrogen supply.1992Inngår i: Journal of Ecology, Vol. 80, nr 1, s. 131-140Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 31. Aerts, R.
    et al.
    Wallén, B.
    Malmer, N.
    Caluwe, H.de.
    Nutritional constraints on Sphagnum-growth and potential decay in northern peatlands.2001Inngår i: Journal of Ecology, Vol. 89, nr 2, s. 292-299Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 32. AERTS, RIEN
    Nitrogen-dependent recovery of subarctic tundra vegetation after simulation of extreme winter warming damage to Empetrum hermaphroditum2010Inngår i: Global Change Biology, Vol. 16, nr 3, s. 1071-1081Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract Vast areas of (sub)arctic tundra are dominated by the ericoid dwarf shrub Empetrum hermaphroditum. Recent experimental and observational data have shown that Empetrum can be damaged heavily by recurrent extreme winter warming. In addition, summer warming leads to increased soil N availability in tundra ecosystems. In a 7-year experiment, I investigated the recovery of subarctic Empetrum-dominated tundra vegetation using a factorial combination of various degrees of aboveground Empetrum removal (simulating the damaging effects of extreme winter warming) and N addition (simulating one of the effects of summer warming). After 7 years no new species had established in the plots. The growth of planted Betula nana seedlings was stimulated by Empetrum removal and reduced by N addition. This Empetrum-dominated tundra ecosystem was resilient against severe disturbances. Only when Empetrum was 100% removed did it fail to recover, and only in combination with high N supply the subordinate species (notably Eriophorum vaginatum and Rubus chamaemorus, a graminoid and a forb) could benefit. In the 50% removal treatment Empetrum recovered in 7 years when no N was supplied and the cover of the subordinate species did not change. However, when N was added Empetrum recovered faster (in 4 years) and the subordinates decreased. When Empetrum was not removed and N was added, Empetrum even increased in abundance at the expense of the subordinate species. Thus, profound changes in tundra ecosystems can only be expected when Empetrum is very heavily damaged as a result of recurrent extreme winter warming and when soil N availability is increased as a result of summer warming. These changes in species composition upon extreme disturbance events may lead to a wide variety of ecosystem feedbacks and cascade processes as this tundra system is relatively species-poor, and can be hypothesized to have low functional redundancy.

  • 33. Aerts, Rien
    et al.
    Callaghan, Terry V.
    Dorrepaal, Ellen
    Van Logtestijn, Richard S. P.
    Cornelissen, Johannes H. C.
    Seasonal climate manipulations result in species-specific changes in leaf nutrient levels and isotopic composition in a sub-arctic bog2009Inngår i: Functional Ecology, Vol. 23, nr 4, s. 680-688Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Climate change in cold biomes not only involves higher summer temperatures, but also warmer springs and more winter precipitation. So far, little is known about species responses to these seasonal components of climate change.

     We experimentally manipulated spring and summer temperatures and winter snow accumulation and temperatures independently in a peatland in sub‐arctic Sweden. This yielded six climate scenarios and we studied the responses of the peat moss Sphagnum fuscum, the evergreen dwarf shrubs Empetrum hermaphroditum and Andromeda polifolia, the deciduous dwarf shrubs Betula nana and Vaccinium uliginosum, the grass Calamagrostis lapponica and the forb Rubus chamaemorus.                  

    We found substantial interspecific differences in leaf nutrient and carbon exchange variables that reflect the response of tundra plants to climate change. S. fuscum had the lowest N and P concentrations, with increasing N and P concentrations (and decreasing C/N and C/P ratios) going from evergreen dwarf shrubs, to the grass, deciduous dwarf shrubs and the forb. Leaf N/P ratios varied between 10 and 14 which points to N‐limited plant growth.                  

    The natural abundance of 15N varied very strongly among species and growth forms. These differences corresponded with the presence and type of mycorrhizal association in the plant roots. Leaf carbon isotope discrimination also differed strongly among species and growth forms, but the absolute differences were relatively small (< 5‰). The rank order was: forb and graminoid < moss and evergreen shrubs < deciduous shrubs.                  

    After 4 years, the effects of realistic climate change manipulations on leaf nutrient and carbon exchange variables were idiosyncratic with respect to species and generally small compared to the differences among species and growth forms. At the phenotypic level, spring warming or winter snow addition effects occurred as frequently as summer warming effects.

    This implies that the changes in the species composition and structure of plant communities that have been observed in medium‐term warming studies in cold biomes will have much more impact on plant‐mediated nutrient and carbon cycling pathways and rates than climate‐change induced phenotypic responses, irrespective of the seasonal timing of these climate changes.

  • 34. Afzelius, K.
    Apomixis in der Gattung Arnica.1936Inngår i: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift, Vol. 30, s. 572-579Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 35. Agnan, Yannick
    et al.
    Courault, Romain
    Alexis, Marie A.
    Zanardo, Tony
    Cohen, Marianne
    Sauvage, Margaux
    Castrec-Rouelle, Maryse
    Distribution of trace and major elements in subarctic ecosystem soils: Sources and influence of vegetation2019Inngår i: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 682, s. 650-662Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Artic and subarctic environments are particularly sensitive to climate change with a faster warming compared to other latitudes. Vegetation is changing but its role on the biogeochemical cycling is poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the distribution of trace elements in subarctic soils from different land covers at Abisko, northern Sweden: grassland, moor, broad-leaved forest, and peat bog. Using various multivariate analysis approaches, results indicated a spatial heterogeneity with a strong influence of soil horizon classes considered: lithogenic elements (e.g., Al, Cr, Ti) were accumulated in mineral horizon classes and surface process-influenced elements (e.g., Cd, Cu, Se) in organic horizon classes. Atmospheric influences included contamination by both local mines (e.g., Cu, Fe, Ni) and regional or long-range atmospheric transport (e.g., Cd, Pb, Zn). A non-negative matrix factorization was used to estimate, for each element, the contribution of various sources identified. For the first time, a comparison between geochemical and ecological data was performed to evaluate the influence of vegetation on element distribution. Apart from soil pH that could control dynamics of As, Cu, and Se, two vegetation classes were reported to be correlated to geochemical factors: forbs and shrubs/dwarf shrubs probably due to their annual vs. perennial activities, respectively. Since these are considered as the main vegetation classes that quickly evolve with climate change, we expect to see modifications in trace element biogeochemical cycling in the future.

  • 36. Agrell, I.
    An objective method for characterization of animal and plant communities1945Inngår i: Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets Förhandlingar, s. 1-15Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 37. Agrell, I.
    Ein Artproblem in der Collembolengattung Folsomia1939Inngår i: Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets Förhandlingar, Vol. 9, nr 13, s. 14-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 38. Agrell, I.
    Ein Vergleich zwischen Isotoma bipunctata Axelson und pallida-Formen von Isotoma notabilis Schäfer1939Inngår i: Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets Förhandlingar, Vol. 9, nr 14, s. 4-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 39. Agrell, I.
    Kritisches Verzeichnis der schwedischen Collembolen mit einigen Neubeschreibungen und tiergeographischen Erörterungen1943Inngår i: Opuscula Entomologica, Vol. 8, s. 123-137Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 40. Agrell, I.
    The collemboles in nests of warm-blooded animals with a method for sociological analysis1945Inngår i: Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets Handlingar, NF, Vol. 56, nr 10, s. 1-19Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 41. Agrell, I.
    Zur Kenntnis der schwedischen Collembolen mit Beschreibung von vier neuen Arten und einigen Varietäten1939Inngår i: Opuscula Entomologica, Vol. 4, nr 3-4, s. 159-168Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 42. Agrell, I.
    Zur Ökologie der Collembolen. Untersuchungen im schwedischen Lappland1941Inngår i: Opuscula Entomologica Suppl., Vol. 3, s. 236-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 43. Ahlberg, P.
    Early Cambrian trilobites from mount Luopakte northern Sweden.1979Inngår i: Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie, Vol. C 765, nr 73(6), s. 3-12Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 44. Ahlberg, P.
    Early Cambrian trilobites from northern Scandinavia.1980Inngår i: Norsk Geologisk Tidskrift, Vol. 60, s. 153-159Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 45. Ahlberg, P.
    Lower Cambrian trilobites and biostratigraphy of Scandinavia.1984Oppgave
  • 46. Ahlberg, P.
    et al.
    Bergström, J.
    Lower Cambrian ptychopariid trilobites from Scandinavia.1978Inngår i: Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie, Vol. Ca 49, s. 40-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 47. Ahlberg, P.
    et al.
    Taylor, M.E
    Ptychopariid trilobites in the Lower Cambrian of Scandinavia.1981Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 48. Ahlbom, B.
    Fågellivet i Vadvetjåkka nationalpark.1971Inngår i: Fauna och flora, Vol. 66, nr 6, s. 241-248Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 49. Ahlmann, H. W:son
    Excursion 1 a, to the north of Sweden (Stockholm-Boliden-Porjus-Sjöfallet-Kiruna-Abisko-Riksgränsen).1930Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 50. Ahlmann, H. W:son
    Excursion vers le nord de la Suède.1930Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
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