Observation of High-Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos in Three Years of IceCube Data

Aartsen, M. G.; Ackermann, M.; Adams, J.; Aguilar, J. A.; Ahlers, M.; Ahrens, M.; Altmann, D.; Anderson, T.; Arguelles, C.; Arlen, T. C.; Auffenberg, J.; Bai, X.; Barwick, S. W.; Baum, V.; Beatty, J. J.; Tjus, J. B.; Becker, K. H.; BenZvi, S.; Berghaus, P.; Berley, D.; Bernardini, E.; Bernhard, A.; Besson, D. Z.; Binder, G.; Bindig, D.; Bissok, M.; Blaufuss, E.; Blumenthal, J.; Boersma, D. J.; Bohm, C.; Bose, D.; Boser, S.; Botner, O.; Brayeur, L.; Bretz, H. P.; Brown, A. M.; Casey, J.; Casier, M.; Chirkin, D.; Christov, A.; Christy, B.; Clark, K.; Classen, L.; Clevermann, F.; Coenders, S.; Cowen, D. F.; Silva, A. H. C.; Danninger, M.; Daughhetee, J.; Davis, J. C.; Day, M.; de Andre, Jpam; De Clercq, C.; De Ridder, S.; Desiati, P.; de Vries, K. D.; de With, M.; DeYoung, T.; Diaz-Velez, J. C.; Dunkman, M.; Eagan, R.; Eberhardt, B.; Eichmann, B.; Eisch, J.; Euler, S.; Evenson, P. A.; Fadiran, O.; Fazely, A. R.; Fedynitch, A.; Feintzeig, J.; Felde, J.; Feusels, T.; Filimonov, K.; Finley, C.; Fischer-Wasels, T.; Flis, S.; Franckowiak, A.; Frantzen, K.; Fuchs, T.; Gaisser, T. K.; Gallagher, J.; Gerhardt, L.; Gier, D.; Gladstone, L.; Glusenkamp, T.; Goldschmidt, A.; Golup, G.; Gonzalez, J. G.; Goodman, J. A.; Gora, D.; Grandmont, D. T.; Grant, D.; Gretskov, P.; Groh, J. C.; Gross, A.; Ha, C.; Haack, C.; Ismail, A. H.; Hallen, P.; Hallgren, A.; Halzen, F.; Hanson, K.; Hebecker, D.; Heereman, D.; Heinen, D.; Helbing, K.; Hellauer, R.; Hellwig, D.; Hickford, S.; Hill, G. C.; Hoffman, K. D.; Hoffmann, R.; Homeier, A.; Hoshina, K.; Huang, F.; Huelsnitz, W.; Hulth, P. O.; Hultqvist, K.; Hussain, S.; Ishihara, A.; Jacobi, E.; Jacobsen, J.; Jagielski, K.; Japaridze, G. S.; Jero, K.; Jlelati, O.; Jurkovic, M.; Kaminsky, B.; Kappes, A.; Karg, T.; Karle, A.; Kauer, M.; Kelley, J. L.; Kheirandish, A.; Kiryluk, J.; Klas, J.; Klein, S. R.; Kohne, J. H.; Kohnen, G.; Kolanoski, H.; Koob, A.; Koepke, L.; Kopper, C.; Kopper, S.; Koskinen, D. J.; Kowalski, M.; Kriesten, A.; Krings, K.; Kroll, G.; Kunnen, J.; Kurahashi, N.; Kuwabara, T.; Labare, M.; Larsen, D. T.; Larson, M. J.; Lesiak-Bzdak, M.; Leuermann, M.; Leute, J.; Luenemann, J.; Macias, O.; Madsen, J.; Maggi, G.; Maruyama, R.; Mase, K.; Matis, H. S.; McNally, F.; Meagher, K.; Meli, A.; Meures, T.; Miarecki, S.; Middell, E.; Middlemas, E.; Milke, N.; Miller, J.; Mohrmann, L.; Montaruli, T.; Morse, R.; Nahnhauer, R.; Naumann, U.; Niederhausen, H.; Nowicki, S. C.; Nygren, D. R.; Obertacke, A.; Odrowski, S.; Olivas, A.; Omairat, A.; O'Murchadha, A.; Palczewski, T.; Paul, L.; Penek, O.; Pepper, J. A.; Heros, Cpdl; Pfendner, C.; Pieloth, D.; Pinat, E.; Posselt, J.; Price, P. B.; Przybylski, G. T.; Putz, J.; Quinnan, M.; Radel, L.; Rameez, M.; Rawlins, K.; Redl, P.; Rees, I.; Reimann, R.; Resconi, E.; Rhode, W.; Richman, M.; Riedel, B.; Robertson, S.; Rodrigues, J. P.; Rongen, M.; Rott, C.; Ruhe, T.; Ruzybayev, B.; Ryckbosch, D.; Saba, S. M.; Sander, H. G.; Santander, M.; Sarkar, S.; Schatto, K.; Scheriau, F.; Schmidt, T.; Schmitz, M.; Schoenen, S.; Schoneberg, S.; Schonwald, A.; Schukraft, A.; Schulte, L.; Schulz, O.; Seckel, D.; Sestayo, Y.; Seunarine, S.; Shanidze, R.; Sheremata, C.; Smith, M. W. E.; Soldin, D.; Spiczak, G. M.; Spiering, C.; Stamatikos, M.; Stanev, T.; Stanisha, N. A.; Stasik, A.; Stezelberger, T.; Stokstad, R. G.; Stossl, A.; Strahler, E. A.; Strom, R.; Strotjohann, N. L.; Sullivan, G. W.; Taavola, H.; Taboada, I.; Tamburro, A.; Tepe, A.; Ter-Antonyan, S.; Terliuk, A.; Tesic, G.; Tilav, S.; Toale, P. A.; Tobin, M. N.; Tosi, D.; Tselengidou, M.; Unger, E.; Usner, M.; Vallecorsa, S.; van Eijndhoven, N.; Vandenbroucke, J.; van Santen, J.; Vehring, M.; Voge, M.; Vraeghe, M.; Walck, C.; Wallraff, M.; Weaver, C.; Wellons, M.; Wendt, C.; Westerhoff, S.; Whelan, B. J.; Whitehorn, N.; Wichary, C.; Wiebe, K.; Wiebusch, C. H.; Williams, D. R.; Wissing, H.; Wolf, M.; Wood, T. R.; Woschnagg, K.; Xu, D. L.; Xu, X. W.; Yanez, J. P.; Yodh, G.; Yoshida, S.; Zarzhitsky, P.; Ziemann, J.; Zierke, S.; Zoll, M.; IceCube, Collaboration

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Observation of High-Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos in Three Years of IceCube Data

Aartsen, M. G.

Ackermann, M.

Adams, J.

Aguilar, J. A.

Show others and affiliations

Responsible organisation

Swedish Polar Research Secretariat

2014 (English)In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 113, article id 101101Article in journal (Refereed) Published

Abstract [en]

A search for high-energy neutrinos interacting within the IceCube detector between 2010 and 2012 provided the first evidence for a high-energy neutrino flux of extraterrestrial origin. Results from an analysis using the same methods with a third year (2012-2013) of data from the complete IceCube detector are consistent with the previously reported astrophysical flux in the 100 TeV-PeV range at the level of 10(-8) GeV cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) per flavor and reject a purely atmospheric explanation for the combined three-year data at 5.7 sigma. The data are consistent with expectations for equal fluxes of all three neutrino flavors and with isotropic arrival directions, suggesting either numerous or spatially extended sources. The three-year data set, with a live time of 988 days, contains a total of 37 neutrino candidate events with deposited energies ranging from 30 to 2000 TeV. The 2000-TeV event is the highest-energy neutrino interaction ever observed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages

2014. Vol. 113, article id 101101

Keywords [en]

gamma-ray bursts active galactic nuclei flux search telescope astronomy emission blazars leptons jets Physics

Research subject

SWEDARP, IceCube

Identifiers

URN: urn:nbn:se:polar:diva-1968DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.101101OAI: oai:DiVA.org:polar-1968DiVA, id: diva2:820687

Note

ISI Document Delivery No.: AO3QH Times Cited: 36 Cited Reference Count: 74 Aartsen, M. G. Ackermann, M. Adams, J. Aguilar, J. A. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, M. Altmann, D. Anderson, T. Arguelles, C. Arlen, T. C. Auffenberg, J. Bai, X. Barwick, S. W. Baum, V. Beatty, J. J. Tjus, J. Becker Becker, K. -H. BenZvi, S. Berghaus, P. Berley, D. Bernardini, E. Bernhard, A. Besson, D. Z. Binder, G. Bindig, D. Bissok, M. Blaufuss, E. Blumenthal, J. Boersma, D. J. Bohm, C. Bose, D. Boeser, S. Botner, O. Brayeur, L. Bretz, H. -P. Brown, A. M. Casey, J. Casier, M. Chirkin, D. Christov, A. Christy, B. Clark, K. Classen, L. Clevermann, F. Coenders, S. Cowen, D. F. Silva, A. H. Cruz Danninger, M. Daughhetee, J. Davis, J. C. Day, M. de Andre, J. P. A. M. De Clercq, C. De Ridder, S. Desiati, P. de Vries, K. D. de With, M. DeYoung, T. Diaz-Velez, J. C. Dunkman, M. Eagan, R. Eberhardt, B. Eichmann, B. Eisch, J. Euler, S. Evenson, P. A. Fadiran, O. Fazely, A. R. Fedynitch, A. Feintzeig, J. Felde, J. Feusels, T. Filimonov, K. Finley, C. Fischer-Wasels, T. Flis, S. Franckowiak, A. Frantzen, K. Fuchs, T. Gaisser, T. K. Gallagher, J. Gerhardt, L. Gier, D. Gladstone, L. Gluesenkamp, T. Goldschmidt, A. Golup, G. Gonzalez, J. G. Goodman, J. A. Gora, D. Grandmont, D. T. Grant, D. Gretskov, P. Groh, J. C. Gross, A. Ha, C. Haack, C. Ismail, A. Haj Hallen, P. Hallgren, A. Halzen, F. Hanson, K. Hebecker, D. Heereman, D. Heinen, D. Helbing, K. Hellauer, R. Hellwig, D. Hickford, S. Hill, G. C. Hoffman, K. D. Hoffmann, R. Homeier, A. Hoshina, K. Huang, F. Huelsnitz, W. Hulth, P. O. Hultqvist, K. Hussain, S. Ishihara, A. Jacobi, E. Jacobsen, J. Jagielski, K. Japaridze, G. S. Jero, K. Jlelati, O. Jurkovic, M. Kaminsky, B. Kappes, A. Karg, T. Karle, A. Kauer, M. Kelley, J. L. Kheirandish, A. Kiryluk, J. Klaes, J. Klein, S. R. Koehne, J. -H. Kohnen, G. Kolanoski, H. Koob, A. Koepke, L. Kopper, C. Kopper, S. Koskinen, D. J. Kowalski, M. Kriesten, A. Krings, K. Kroll, G. Kunnen, J. Kurahashi, N. Kuwabara, T. Labare, M. Larsen, D. T. Larson, M. J. Lesiak-Bzdak, M. Leuermann, M. Leute, J. Luenemann, J. Macias, O. Madsen, J. Maggi, G. Maruyama, R. Mase, K. Matis, H. S. McNally, F. Meagher, K. Meli, A. Meures, T. Miarecki, S. Middell, E. Middlemas, E. Milke, N. Miller, J. Mohrmann, L. Montaruli, T. Morse, R. Nahnhauer, R. Naumann, U. Niederhausen, H. Nowicki, S. C. Nygren, D. R. Obertacke, A. Odrowski, S. Olivas, A. Omairat, A. O'Murchadha, A. Palczewski, T. Paul, L. Penek, O. Pepper, J. A. Heros, C. Perez de los Pfendner, C. Pieloth, D. Pinat, E. Posselt, J. Price, P. B. Przybylski, G. T. Puetz, J. Quinnan, M. Raedel, L. Rameez, M. Rawlins, K. Redl, P. Rees, I. Reimann, R. Resconi, E. Rhode, W. Richman, M. Riedel, B. Robertson, S. Rodrigues, J. P. Rongen, M. Rott, C. Ruhe, T. Ruzybayev, B. Ryckbosch, D. Saba, S. M. Sander, H. -G. Santander, M. Sarkar, S. Schatto, K. Scheriau, F. Schmidt, T. Schmitz, M. Schoenen, S. Schoeneberg, S. Schoenwald, A. Schukraft, A. Schulte, L. Schulz, O. Seckel, D. Sestayo, Y. Seunarine, S. Shanidze, R. Sheremata, C. Smith, M. W. E. Soldin, D. Spiczak, G. M. Spiering, C. Stamatikos, M. Stanev, T. Stanisha, N. A. Stasik, A. Stezelberger, T. Stokstad, R. G. Stoessl, A. Strahler, E. A. Strom, R. Strotjohann, N. L. Sullivan, G. W. Taavola, H. Taboada, I. Tamburro, A. Tepe, A. Ter-Antonyan, S. Terliuk, A. Tesic, G. Tilav, S. Toale, P. A. Tobin, M. N. Tosi, D. Tselengidou, M. Unger, E. Usner, M. Vallecorsa, S. van Eijndhoven, N. Vandenbroucke, J. van Santen, J. Vehring, M. Voge, M. Vraeghe, M. Walck, C. Wallraff, M. Weaver, Ch. Wellons, M. Wendt, C. Westerhoff, S. Whelan, B. J. Whitehorn, N. Wichary, C. Wiebe, K. Wiebusch, C. H. Williams, D. R. Wissing, H. Wolf, M. Wood, T. R. Woschnagg, K. Xu, D. L. Xu, X. W. Yanez, J. P. Yodh, G. Yoshida, S. Zarzhitsky, P. Ziemann, J. Zierke, S. Zoll, M. Beatty, James/D-9310-2011; Tjus, Julia/G-8145-2012; Sarkar, Subir/G-5978-2011; Koskinen, David/G-3236-2014; Auffenberg, Jan/D-3954-2014 Sarkar, Subir/0000-0002-3542-858X; Koskinen, David/0000-0002-0514-5917; Auffenberg, Jan/0000-0002-1185-9094 U.S. National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs; U.S. National Science Foundation-Physics Division; University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation; Grid Laboratory of Wisconsin (GLOW) grid infrastructure at the University ofWisconsin-Madison; Open Science Grid (OSG) grid infrastructure; U.S. Department of Energy and National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI) grid computing resources; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; WestGrid and Compute/Calcul Canada; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Polar Research Secretariat; Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP); Research Department of Plasmas with Complex Interactions (Bochum), Germany; Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO); FWO Odysseus programme; Flanders Institute to Encourage Scientific and Technological Research in Industry (IWT); Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Marsden Fund, New Zealand; Australian Research Council; Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Danish National Research Foundation, Denmark (DNRF) We acknowledge support from the following agencies: U.S. National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs, U.S. National Science Foundation-Physics Division, University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, the Grid Laboratory of Wisconsin (GLOW) grid infrastructure at the University ofWisconsin-Madison, the Open Science Grid (OSG) grid infrastructure; U.S. Department of Energy and National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, the Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI) grid computing resources; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, WestGrid and Compute/Calcul Canada; Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Research Department of Plasmas with Complex Interactions (Bochum), Germany; Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO), FWO Odysseus programme, Flanders Institute to Encourage Scientific and Technological Research in Industry (IWT), Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Marsden Fund, New Zealand; Australian Research Council; Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS); the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Danish National Research Foundation, Denmark (DNRF). Some of the results in this paper have been derived using the HEALPix [75] package. We thank R. Laha, J. Beacom, K. Murase, S. Razzaque, and N. Harrington for helpful discussions. 36 Amer physical soc College pk Physics, Multidisciplinary

Available from: 2015-06-12 Created: 2015-05-13 Last updated: 2017-12-04

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